Book Report on Pigeons at Daybreak Essay

The story entitled â€Å"Pigeons at Daybreak† by Anita Desai of India is a representation of love and acceptance. Mr. Basu is the man who is unable to perform his task on his own because of the different illnesses that developed into his body. Otima, the wife of Mr. Basu has the selfless love towards him. She takes care of her husband despite of all the problems and complications that emerged in their situation. Otima used to read the newspaper for Mr. Basu. Because Mr. Basu could not able to read the newspaper due to poor eyesight, Otima produced deeper patience and love for her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the time when their house had no electricity due to electric problems, the two went to the terrace and decided to stay there until the electricity comes back but when the electricity went back, Mr. Basu refused to go back inside the house for it was the time of preparation of leaving. Mr. Basu accepted the fact that his life will soon vanish and become part of heaven. The pigeons in the terrace where Mr. Basu died symbolize his spirit and his journey in the next life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story is simple yet attackable. Its tragic situation brought life to the whole story. Then, with a swirl and flutter of feathers, a flock of pigeons hurtled upwards and spread out against the dome of the sky – opalescent, sunlit, like small pearls (Desai 228). This ending part of the story compressed the entire claim of the story. It means that the ending of the story signifies life as its wondrous creation but soon will end because every one of us will leave the world in beauty and a new journey will begin. Reference Desai, A. (date). Pigeons at Daybreak. pp.220-228

Do We Pay Athletes Too Much?

Do professional athletes get paid too much? In my personal opinion: No In this modern era this is an ethical issue that comes up more and more often. This has been brought up especially in times of economic hardship and the recession whereby families are really struggling to make ends meet with unemployment, delay of retirement and general reductions in disposable income. During this paper it shall be discussed how the ethical issue of high wages came about, why it is an issue, who is affected and what actions can be taken. Why is there this ethical problem?To put it simply, it is a matter of personal opinion and knowledge on whether you believe professional athletes in the United States should get paid the level of wages that they do. Below is a chart produced by Canbridge University which gives an introductory represenation of the salaries professional athletes earn annually. From June 2008 to June 2009, the highest paid professional athlete, Tiger Woods, made $110 million accordin g to Forbes. Also on their list, at number two, was Kobe Bryant making $45 million, and Michael Jordan with the same amount (and Michael Jordan hasn’t played in quite a while! . According to Forbes Magazine, the highest paying â€Å"regular† job in the U. S. during 2009 was that of a surgeon. The average annual pay of a surgeon last year was $206,770 (also out of Forbes). While the average pay for classroom teachers in the United States is $38,000 per year. At that rate, a teacher would need a little more than 27 years to make $1 million — less than half what a basketball player makes, on average, in just one year. The average pay for fire-fighters in the United States is around $40,000. The starting salary for police officers in the United States is around $29,000.Do athletes deserve more money than fire-fighters or teachers — people who hold what many consider being more valuable jobs? This is the basis of where this ethical problem comes about. Some pe ople work their entire life trying to make a living to support the families they have and have a very hard time trying to live near the poverty line. Some of the jobs they have to take to support their families are hard, manual labor jobs that they have to work at for 12 hours at a time. For example, adults that work in fast food estaurants usually work long days so they can make enough money to support a family, because minimum wage doesn’t go far in today’s world. Single parents usually work even harder than families that have two incomes helping to support them. The average professional football player gets paid almost $2 million and they’re not even the highest paid professional sport. Basketball players make the most out of all pro sports with the average salary being $5 million and the only thing they have to do is practice and play in games (FreeMoneyFinance).However it is rarely considered how much tax and good these athletes do in helping our economy. I n the banking business it is known as the ‘jock tax’ and when understood, people will not be so judgmental. For federal purposes, professional athletes are taxed in the same manner as other taxpayers: gross income less deductions equals taxable income. Federal tax is computed without regard to your state of residency (home state), or where the employer/team is located (team state). The current top federal tax rate is 35%, starting at taxable income of $319,101 (2004, single filing status) (ZZLR. om). Now to tax that level for an athlete that earns millions of dollars a year is creating some useful revenue for states and the government that no one can argue with. Another reason why athletes do not get overpaid is the wrong attitude that some people posses. For example people say, â€Å"Oh, I would hit a baseball for millions of dollars a year. † Well, I’m sorry you can’t. These athletes are unbelievably blessed with talent. All of these players have such immense and extraordinary ability that they make the game look effortless.In fact, good luck hitting a 96 MPH fastball moving down and in on your hands with a wood bat. If you were to put one of these players with a cluster of amateurs, they would stand out to such a degree, it would be astonishing. So, is nine months out of the year devoid of a vacation easy for you? Is travelling to different cities approximately every three days across the nation undemanding for you? Is being away from your family for most of the year trouble-free for you? Is hitting a 96 MPH fastball effortless for you? You are starting to deserve that pay check.People say it is just a game and athletes shouldn’t be paid so much. It is not just a game. Billions and billions of dollars get dumped into professional sports. In fact, professional sports are the 11th most lucrative business in the entire world (UPENN. EDU). It is a form of entertainment and people are willing to pay the big bucks to watch these athletes perform. If nobody came to watch, they wouldn’t get paid what they do. The fans pay the wages after all. In economical terms demand for high performing sports stars is high while there are a few numbers of them.This makes their wages high. Direct affect this issue applies to, of course, is professional athletes†¦ along with their respected affiliated clubs/teams who pay their salaries. In certain examples such as that of soccer team Manchester City, which runs with a loss, is kept afloat by a Middle Eastern royal family so in that case they pay player’s wages. Indirectly effected parties include those who contribute to the funding of high wages. Examples of these include supporters going to games, television networks paying licence fees, the public paying for cable to watch the games.One of the options discussed would be to cut player’s salaries. Now this could have profound consequences for many directly and indirectly involved. Firstly, th e quality of sportsman would diminish. This is a general mental happening that when you reduce a person’s reward for something, more often than not, they will reduce their work ethic consequently. The knock on affect of this would be that people would then find sports less entertaining which is a social consequence as people need entertainment.After this it would probably be assumed that this industry that employs millions of people, the 11th largest industry in business, could start to struggle with the consequential fall in demand†¦ due to a fall in quality. People would indirectly be affected as the level of taxation that these athletes would drop and consequently affect the economy negatively not to mention the reduced spending the economy would see as they would have less disposable income. This would affect other people through job s and welfare.For example, if a professional footballer does not buy a boat in Florida then the company who makes the boat would lose o ut. Welfare wise, the federal governments would have less money to put towards benefits to help those less fortunate. Similar to this charities would find themselves losing out also as the athletes would probably donate less as they would have less wealth to offer. This would, again, influence people negatively. To partly reduce this ethical dilemma however it can be seen that wage caps could be introduced.These have been introduced in major competitions including: NFL, NHL, English Rugby Union and NBA. However there are pros and cons to the idea. For example, the  NBA salary cap  is the limit to the total amount of money that  National Basketball Association  teams are allowed to pay their players. It is defined by the  league's collective bargaining agreement  (CBA). The actual amount of the  salary cap  varies on a year-to-year basis, and is calculated as a percentage of the league's revenue from the previous season; for instance, in  2007–08, the NBA's s alary cap was approximately US$55.   million per team, and for the  2008–09  season it was $58. 68  million (NBA. com). Now, before it is discussed how the cap could be deemed pointless, it must be considered that if this system is done properly then wages would not go above and beyond relative figures when considering a leagues income. If a league sees more demand (television rights, franchise, etc) and therefore gains more revenue then it should be passed onto the players, surely. The issue here is that the actual problem of high wages is not stopped†¦ only in certain situations capped.To put across this point, in all but one season the revenue of NBA has been reduced. The reaction to this is that wages have also, in respect, gone up in a positive correlation. In conclusion, it is well documented that NBA stars are one of the best paid sports people in the business, even with a salary cap. The cap itself only stops certain individuals received ludicrous deals r elative to the rest of the industry and does not mean the average wage would not still be high. Again, there is the demand to watch these athletes and the result of this is the money that is made from that demand sustains high wages.It is basic economics. In terms of punishment for breaking of the salary caps, at the moment, only include fines. Examples of this include in 2012 where the Cowboys will be penalized $10 million, paying $5 million a year for two years. The Redskins penalty is much harsher at $36 million ($18 million a year for two years). While the Cowboys are unlikely to feel that much of a pinch, the penalty puts the Redskins in a world of hurt. That $18 million a year is significant money. The Redskins have a decent amount of young talent. Those not already signed to deals may be lost.Tight end Fred Davis, a burgeoning star, is on a one-year contract. And Kory Lichtensteiger, a left guard, may not be a Pro Bowler, but he’s worth keeping around. He is also on a one-year  deal (forbes. com). Personally, if I was a leader of an organization who had power over such an ethical issue such as a governing body or the government itself I do not believe I would enforce or change anything at present. In fact, the idea of a salary cap is off putting. I believe strongly that if an individual is worth a sum of money to a team that is natural in a market situation, i. . he can generate that revenue back for the team and the demand for him/her is there then why shouldn’t they get paid that money. Regardless of whether they save lives or not the quality of their labor is just as important. Perhaps not on a life-saving level however in terms of entertaining millions of people after thousands of hours of practise I believe to pay high wages is natural in the business environment professional athletes find themselves. Citations Badenhausen, Kurt. Top 100 paid athletes. N. p. : Forbes, 2012. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. forbes. om/sites/kurtbadenh ausen/2012/06/18/mayweather-tops-list-of-the-worlds-100-highest-paid-athletes/;. NBA. NBA salary cap. N. p. : NBA. com, 2008. N. pag. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. nba. com/news/salarycap_070710. html;. â€Å"Salaries of Professional Athletes. †Ã‚  FreeMoneyFinance. N. p. , 2006. Web. 10 Jan 2012. ;http://www. freemoneyfinance. com/2006/09/salaries_of_ave. html;. Cambridge University. Pros paid too much? Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2011. N. pag. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. cambridge. org/other_files/downloads/esl/strageticreading/6843_SRL1_U04_P09. 1_sport. pdf;. UPENN. Where's the business in sport? Philladelphia: University of Pennsylvania, n. d. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. . Zeisler, Zeisler, Rawson & Johnson LLP. Taxes: Cost of being a professional athlete. N. p. : ZZLRJ. com, 2011. N. pag. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. . Salary Cap Penalties. N. p. : Forbes, 2012. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. .

Concept Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Concept Analysis - Research Paper Example Fortunately, these are steadfast and always find a place for the duty of care as this form the tenets of their profession. This is the place of nursing in our contemporary set up. The importance of those in the profession is largely ignored by the public and their value is only recognized when one is need of their expertise. It is this maligned nature of the profession that has strengthened the call for â€Å"the heart of nursing†. The heart of nursing is an apparent reference to a set of qualities that a nurse needs to discharge their duty in oblivion of the external factors that would otherwise affect successful discharge of commensurate duties. This is a key part of ensuring successful delivery of nursing care in light of pandemic ailments affecting the world populace (Schnatz, 2007). In trying to understand nursing and what it encapsulates we must try to look at the underlying enablers of nursing care. It should be noted that nursing as a practice is as strongly reliant on professional education as it is on human duty and obligation to care for others. Notably, in primitive societies where the decision to be a nurse (caregiver) was made on behalf of a person at birth the successful discharge of nursing duties was still possible. ... In the midst of these informal means of gathering nursing expertise the sole or the basic drive was the willingness to care given the plight of patients. The fact that nursing has been existent since antiquity and the knowledge that the first formal nurse training school was established in 1872, nurse training school of Women’s Hospital of Philadelphia, further underlines the duty for care or compassion as the most fundamental aspect in nursing (Egenes, 2010). Method of concept analysis and why this method was chosen In discussing compassion as nursing’s most precious asset or as the most dominant altruistic ideal in nursing care this study adopts Chinn & Kramer’s (1991) approach to concept analysis. Chinn & Kramer (1991) identify the purpose of their concept analysis approach as â€Å"producing tentative definition of the concept and a set of tentative criteria for determining if the concept ‘exists’ in a particular situation (88). Under this appro ach the first step is selecting the concept, clarifying the purpose, identifying the sources of data, exploring context and values and formulating criteria. Data sources Data to be used in the concept analysis will be derived from existent studies on nursing care and specific review of compassion and compassionate care as a key ideal in nursing. A host of this information is published in peer reviewed journals and professional websites which have sought to explain and research on nursing. Equally important will be historical data on the place of nursing in our society as well as the foundations and prerequisites of being a successful care giver. In essence, this analysis envisions that successful care giving as a factor is determined by the compassion of the care

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example The design of the watch has received mixed reviews as though the design is of high quality incorporating components into the strap has made it uncomfortable for wearing. Though Samsung Galaxy gear is an innovative concept, still during its release it has been criticized for its not so good battery life, interface design, availability of only a few numbers of applications and mostly due to its dependency on the Galaxy range phones and tablets. This was followed by an event that 30% of the Galaxy Gear watches sold by the US based chain-Best Buy, were returned by the customers thus bringing more doubt in the market about the functionality and credibility of the Galaxy Gear. Though when the device was initially launched, it was designed to work with only the Samsung Galaxy Note III and there were speculations that the smart watch would not work successfully with the email, calendar applications which people are generally habituated to use. But the issue has been partially solved as Samsu ng upgraded the software so that now the device can co function nicely with all the Samsung hones with Android Jelly Bean or higher version (Forbes, 2013). ... In this context it is lacking when it comes to a comparison with its competitors like the Sony Smart watch and the Pebble. The 320 by 320 screen looks quite impressive in on the wrist and easy to use as it displays texts clearly, pictures and videos can be taken by the camera application and easy to watch faces. The Galaxy Gear uses a 1.9 Megapixel camera for photos and movies. Though the Galaxy Gear can be used to read text messages easily, the downside is that the delivering of notifications from popular services like Face book and Twitter is a much clumsy process. The Gear vibrates when any notification comes from these channels but after checking the notification, anything further cannot be done with this device. The Gear only displays a message which says to access the actual content using the phone or the tablet. Though the inbuilt software system in the device is not fully competent for these functions, this type of functionality can be fulfilled by installing third-party appl ications (Samsung, 2013). Marketing and Promotion For the marketing of Galaxy Gear, Samsung is following the same strategy that it has been following for the Galaxy S range. Samsung has posted Gear as â€Å"the next big thing† and used some brilliant advertisements for the Launching and promoting the device. The policy of highly visible personal device was followed for the device. According to the 4Ps of marketing, Samsung has done the product, pricing, place and promotion strategically. Product: The product is launched in a new line of devices i.e. the smart watch segment. The design of the product is quite good whereas there are some basic

Evolution of computer technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evolution of computer technology - Essay Example The use of RISC overlaps many concepts in computer technology, with pipelining being one of the main characteristics of RISC (Cocke and Markstein, 2000). Pipelining typically refers to the improvement of the speed of processing instructions in a computer processor. In this concept, multiple instructions overlap in processing so that more instructions are processed. Instead of the computer processing one instruction at a time, many instructions are processed simultaneously. The processing of instructions is done in machine cycles, where one instruction is processed in one stage and moved to the next while another instruction is processed in the first stage. The main stages of pipelining include fetching the instruction, decoding, execution, memory access and write back (Cocke and Markstein, 2000). Similarly, superscalar processing improves the notion of pipelining in RISC. Earliest evolutions of RISC processors aimed to execute at the rate of one instruction per cycle, but with the in troduction of superscalar processors, this has been improved to more than one instruction per cycle. For the effective performance of computer technology, the memory that affects the speed needs to be effectively managed. According to Cocke and Markstein (2000), memory system management refers to the allocation and security of portions of computer memory to different programs. Memory system management helps in multitasking in the computer since it utilizes the concepts of pipelining and superscalar processing to ensure that computer programs are effectively managed. Memory system management is usually covered in four main concepts, with the main one being relocation. Cocke and Markstein (2000) indicate that virtual memory management should account for the storage of different parts of memory in different places, and also provide for the recalling of this memory. When a program is swapped in a pipeline, it is not placed in the original memory, which means that effective memory manage ment should tell where the program is stored for easy recall. The second concept is that of protection, where the different processes should be protected from each others’ references to avoid corruption (Carter, 2001). However, the different processes sometimes need to share memory, so memory system management should also be able to account for the sharing of information. Shared memory therefore forms part of inter-process memory, which effectively increases processing speed. Finally, memory system management should have effective methods of allocation of memory to different processes and programs in the computer. Logical allocations of the different modules in a program ensure that programs that need to share references are allocated effectively and others separated in other parts of memory. An example of effective memory allocation methods in memory system management is segmentation, where the memory is separated according to modules. One other concept that is used to incre ase the efficiency of processors is the use of caching. The use of cache memory is important since it is the bridge between the processor and the memory in a computer, so temporary instructions are usually stored in cache memory (Carter, 2001). Cache memory stores part or all of a program when it is being processed and also stores the data required by the processor for different factions. Some of the strategies used in caching to increase efficiency

Aboriginal peiple of canada Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aboriginal peiple of canada - Assignment Example ing to grow in every possible way (within the framework of this aspect of Medicine wheel Native Americans usually use cedar as a cleansing medicine for body and soul and drink sacred tea); West represents adult stage and symbolizes the heart that helps one learn about the power of change, accept aging and find peace within oneself (within the framework of this aspect of Medicine wheel Native Americans usually eat berries like strawberry as a medicine); North represents rest and wisdom (within the framework of this aspect of Medicine wheel Native Americans usually advice to be mindful about physical bodies). This philosophy differs in some insignificant details from tribe to tribe. To stay fit and healthy both mentally and physically a human being must be in sync with all four dimensions of that wheel. 2. The essential aspects of a human being as expressed in the Four Directions Teaching dwell on the four sacred dimensions of the Medicine Wheel and seven stages of life found on this wheel. The seven stages of life start from the East and go westwards across the Medicine Wheel as a human being moves on with ones life. These stages consist of the good life, fast life, wandering life, planning, doing, truth and elder life. 3. There can be identified four ceremonial practices used by Anishinaabe for healing or ritual purposes. The first one is a smudging ceremony, which is a purification practice used when something gets out of hand at home or at work. According to this ceremony one of four sacred medicines has to be lit, namely the mshkwadewashk, kiishig, sema or wiingash. Talking circle is the second ceremony, according to which a group is to sit in a circle and talk on certain topic (everything that is said must stay in that circle; during the ceremony a feather or one of the sacred medicines have to be passed around the circle four times). Naming ceremony is the third ceremonial practice within which a grown-up person receives its spirit name (during the ceremony

Evaluating Truth and Validity Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evaluating Truth and Validity Exercise - Essay Example They even went to the extent of providing high scholars and college student’s credit cards. This trend has less to careless spending from this age group (Jain, 2009). Teenager and adolescents are usually irrational in their decisions. Coupled by peer pressure and the feeling of wanting to fit in, some of these young people end up spending without knowledge of how they are going to pay. It has become something which many should are worried since giving money to spend to such children that is unlimited is like giving them a bomb. According to Jain (2009), people under the age of 21 should not be given any credit cards for their impulsive nature of careless spending (Jain, 2009). Even if one can sit with them, they always act defiant to their elders, hence would be a waste of time teaching them on wise spending whereas they are in a stage of discovering the world. How else can one discover the world when he or she is left with credit card? According to psychologist, money is not something which people under the age of 21 should not be given at their will since they do not have enough responsibility to know the value and repercussions of overspending since they would not be paying for them (Jain, 2009). According to Farrow (2010), power is believed to be the root of all evil, as it makes them corrupt. Power is defined as being in a position to control others. According to the Bible, power is a God given thing given to man to be in control over his creations (Farrow, 2010). Other people do believe that power is the root cause of evil, is it really true? One may wonder from the statement and provide examples of quite a number of people who have been in power and not corrupt. It is always not a fact to link corruption to power. Corruption is a virtue with exists in specific people. Taking a few corrupt individuals and generalizing them as making power corrupt from my opinion is not true (Farrow, 2010). Can we say that since the Pope is in power,

My Learning Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Learning Experience - Essay Example Much attention is paid to the fact, that the enterprises which implement corporate social support achieve bigger dividends than those who are not attentive to this side of the public activity. Due to these facts, corporate social responsibility achieved much popularity for the last years and is widely practiced by both the authorities and workers. The next point of my analysis is the division of the article into several parts. My article contains the description of three main parts: the process of implementation of corporate social responsibility, the examples of companies which support this process, the participation of public authorities in it. After the division of the article into three main parts, I do the thorough analysis of each of them. The process of implementation of corporate social responsibility depends on the level of activity and imagination of the enterprise. The actions of the members of the team and working staff constitute fifty percent of the success. Thus, the main task of corporate social responsibility is to provide the comfortable working and living conditions for those who are involved in the functioning of the enterprise and their investments in the outdoor problems. Volunteering is one of the best ways to help others and raise the prestige of the company. For this reason, a lot of employees think over such strategies as education and knowledge (assistance to local school children with literacy), investments into the projects of environmental protection, providing child obesity charity, employment packages, free language workshops, and so forth. The ethical attendance of the members of the enterprises into these projects provides them high popularity among the customers and good relations with the m. Further on, I concentrate my attention on the second point of my plan - the examples of companies, which support corporate social responsibility.

Decreasing Car Accidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decreasing Car Accidents - Essay Example (WHO 2009) Several campaigns have been conducted across the world promoting the safety of road transport. ‘Make Roads Safe’ campaign is one such organization which is trying to spread the importance of knowing the safety measures of car driving and the implications of car accidents across the world. (Make Roads Safe, 2011) The predicted statistics estimate that accident deaths could go up to 1.9 million in the next years if no proper action is taken. These organizations clearly state that car accidents are a major problem and there is a need for an immediate intervention. There is an urgent need for the governments across the world to enforce the rules strictly and enable severe punishments for those breaking these rules. In addition, public needs to be made aware of the importance of road safety and with the technological advancements happening across the world, publicizing such safety measure and the impacts of car accidents would be the best way to progress forward in decreasing car accidents. The solution introduced above has two parts. The first part deals with the role of the government in enforcing the rules strictly and making the punishments severe. It is important for all the nations to work together in decreasing the number of car accidents. They could either restrict the numbers of cars used by people and make them travel by a common public transport or they could enforce strict rules. Enforcing strict rules does not mean that they have to reduce the speed limits and check each and every drunken driving case. With the growing population, it would be practically impossible to reduce accidents by these rules alone. Instead, other options would be to enforce rules on the commercial side where hotels, bars can be forced to check on their customers’ status and make sure that they are not allowed to drive if they are

Industrial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Industrial Economics - Essay Example In fact in many markets there exist some dominating firms which play the roles of market leader. These large firms in order to maintain their market share create some barriers for new firm to enter into the market. (Baldwin, 1995) Barriers to entry into a particular industry have immense potential to diminish or entirely prevent the normal mechanism of that industry in attracting new firms towards it. To negatively affect competition in an industry along with the welfare of consumers, it is not always necessary for entry barriers to prevent firms from making their entry into that industry forever. In fact, very often these barriers can create significant effect on the performance of the market only by retarding the arrival of new entrants into it. It is of course true that consumer will suffer from monopoly level pricing for long if entry barriers prevent firms from entering into the market indefinitely, but along with this, it is also true that consumers will also suffer if decline in prices from increasing competition is delayed by delayed entry of new firms due to entry barriers. (Geroski, 1995) The first important contribution in the area of discussion on entry barriers was made by Bain (1956). Bain made an attempt to define an entry barrier in terms of its effect on firms’ profitability. According to Bain if entry barriers exist in an industry then existing firms will be able to earn profits beyond their normal level without inducing other firms to make an entry into the market. Bain had argued that entry of new firms into an industry is determined by the level of advantages that the existing firm in the industry enjoys over the potential new entrants. He made a comparison between established firms’ profit prior to the entry of potential entrants and post entry profit level of new entrants. According to Bain, there will be an entry barrier if an entrant fails to attain the profit levels that established firms used to enjoy before the arrival of

Pharmacy as a Career Essay Example for Free

Pharmacy as a Career Essay One of the most dynamic industries in health care is pharmacy. I chose this career because it provides various outlets for professional growth, excellent financial gains, and the opportunity to take care of people all the time. As the â€Å"medication expert on the health care team,† my task is to manage the medication therapy of patients and clients by providing information and advice as well as improving the quality of their lives. In addition, I picked this line of work since it is one of the most accessible health care professionals. New challenges come each day as pharmacists assist patients with their health care needs in terms of medications. Coincidentally, I live in a city where health care demands are high and the standard of living is extreme and active. In this set-up, a career in Pharmacy offers enough resources, opportunities, and flexibility needed to maintain balanced health care career and fulfilling personal life. The fact that you have to deal with different types of people and personalities is interesting and stimulating. What is great about this profession is the lifetime learning as well taken from institutions and everyday actual experiences. Continuous education allows for professional and personal development in all aspects. A degree in Doctor of Pharmacy allows for better positions and job offerings in health care facilities in both immediate and long-term basis. It will also give me the break of exploring other fields such as teaching or publishing written works in educational institutions. Practice in Pharmacy can also be privatized. This further study in Pharmacy will offer me more options for other careers which are all equally motivating and inspiring.

Impact of Reality Shows on Younger Generation

Impact of Reality Shows on Younger Generation Jump to: Research Methodology | Research Background | Research Data | Results Analysis | Conclusion and Recommendations With the successful completion of the Sirasa Super Star Session 1 most of Sri Lankan television channels started airing various kinds of reality programs. The organizers identified that these programs can easily raise the popularity of the television channels and above all the main aim of organising such events is the money which generating behind the screen. One of the main features of such shows that proliferated in the recent past across the television channels is the active participation of celebrities in varied capacities viz; presenters are judgers. Usually organisers of such events take greater care to stage such events in a more planned, colourful and in a dramatic manner, so as to attract all the age groups in the society. Due to the tough competition prevailing among the television channels to win the viewers, innovations and differentiation has become key words to stay ahead in the reality business. Producers seems trying introducing various types of programmes but it is not hard to find those so called innovated programs happens to be just the carbon copies of American, European or the Indian reality shows. Due to this lacuna in originality these programs might not be suitable to the Sri Lanka culture as these programmes have been germinated with features related to the American or European culture. Under this light it can be posited that nowadays reality shows are adversely effecting the educational and social development of our younger generation because predominantly the spectators found to be consisted with this social group. CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY AIM The aim of this paper is to highlight the effect of reality programs on the younger generation in the light of their social and educational development. PROBLEM STATEMENT Does the Sri Lankan younger generation is addicted to the reality programs due to the glamour and popularity of such programmes and will it effect the social and educational development of the younger generation of the Sri Lankan society? RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Reality programs are adversely effecting the educational and social development of the younger generation in the Sri Lankan society. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of this research is to gather the views and ideas of public regarding reality programs and to measure its effect on our younger generation. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To find out the reasons behind reality shows become so popular among the Sri Lankan viewers and to discover which age groups are more prone to be attractive to these programmes. Furthermore, to surface effects if any by the broadcasting reality shows on social and educational development of the Sri Lankan Society. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES To determine the reasons behind the popularity of reality programs among the Sri Lankan viewers. To obtain a better understanding about the financial benefits offered to the competitors and the spectators by the organisers and also to learn about the huge amount of money that circulating behind the screen. To find out true intensions of the organizers with regard to the facilitation the youths to enhance their talents, bringing talented youths to the limelight, making available monitory benefits and how the organizers (TV channels) intend to be benefited by reality programmes. To comment about the true potential of created Stars to remain bright in the show business sustaining the popularity over their contemporary traditional artists. To comment how will be the judges are qualified to judge the competitors fairly and to comment on the process of selecting the winners by the viewers through the medium of Telephones, SMS and post cards. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION Data collection methods are as follows. a. Primary Sources. Primary source of information will be gathered by interviewing selected groups of people. A questionnaire will be administered to the following respondents. i. School Teachers ii. Doctors iii. Parents iv. Officers in No 33 JCC representing Tri Forces v. University Students vi. School A/L Students b. Secondary Source. Secondary source of information will be the related books, paper articles, web articles, library sources and relevant databases. THE STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER The thesis is structured as follows a. CHAPTER I This Chapter will cover the Introduction. b. CHAPTER II This Chapter will cover the Methodology. c. CHAPTER III This chapter will covers the background of reality programs which are airing in Sri Lankan television channels. d. CHAPTER IV This Chapter will cover the data which collected through the questionnaire. e. CHAPTER V This Chapter will cover the data which collected through questionnaire and analyzes them accordingly f. CHAPTER VI Conclusion. CHAPTER 3: BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH Reality programs are genre of television programming that presents supposedly unscripted dramatic or entertaining situations, events, competitions and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors and the significant is the program is manipulating by a popular star  [1]  . This kind of reality programs are commonly called reality shows and often they are produced in series. Documentaries and non fictional programming such as news and sports shows are usually not classified as reality shows. Reality television frequently portrays a modified and highly influenced form of reality, utilizing sensationalism to attract viewers and so to generate advertising profits. Participants are often placed in exotic locations or abnormal situations, and are sometimes coached to act in specific scripted ways by off-screen story editors or segment producers, with the portrayal of events and speech manipulated and contrived to create an illusion of reality through editing and other post-production techniques  [2]  . Till the time all these reality programs were recognized as huge profit making exercise behind the screen and which were helping to raise the popularity of television channels. The present nature of reality shows are started in American television channels, the most successful one was American Ideal and this was become very famous all around the world. Later it was spread among some other countries with their own identities such as, Australia, England, China, Japan and our neighbour country India too. Sirasa TV is in the pioneer among the Sri Lankan television channels to air the reality shows. This has stemmed from their vision to present new energetic televisions programs to the Sri Lankan television society. General opinion held by the public of this country is that Sirasa television always comes with a different style or sometimes may be very peculiar programs which may give an impressive experience to the Sri Lankan spectators who are already bored with watching monotonous television programs. Sirasa TV introduced the new culture in TV entertainment through mega tele drama to the Sri Lankan Society deviating away from traditional tele-dramas. Initially those tele-dramas were Indian origin and subtitled or dubbed in Sinhala language (e.g. Shanthi the Indian mega tele-drama dubbed in Sinhala). The regular Hindi lovers in the Sri Lankan society may embrace these tele-dramas. The popularity of the mega tele-dramas were increased in many folds with the introduction of mega tele-dramas with a Sri Lankan touch but based on Indian lifestyle and later themes and style shifted to be in line with the traditional Sri Lankan context. The statistics shows spectators flocked to-gether with the Sirasa TV each day during the hours between 2000hrs to 2200hrs to see their favourite tele-dramas in Ran Depaya which telecasted both Indian and Sri Lankan four mega tele-dramas within two hour period in the week days. Tele dramas of Hindi origin but dubbed in sinhala such as Mahagedara, Chiththi and Praveena and also the tele-dramas with Singhalese themes but produced in Indian style such as Wasuda and Kindurangana were equally became popular among Sri Lankan viewers. Observing the grand success achieved by Sirasa TV all the other television channels had to face the challenge of regaining their lost popularity. As a counter strategy other TV channels were also opted to follow the leaders path. Hence, almost all other TV stations started to telecast mega tele-drams in their channels and some channels like Independence Television Network (ITN) become more successful than Sirasa TV since they managed to capture the taste of Sri Lankans with Sri Lankan style dramas instead of Indian dramas. Indian style Sinhala dramas also helped to boost up the popularity of the TV channel. As examples Batti, Mutu Kirilli Paba became very famous among the viewers. This series of Mega Tele-dramas were the last of the production list as produces witnessed a mark decline in popularity for such entertainment. When the time passes these Mega tele-dramas become more burdensome for the viewers and they understood that the substances of most of these stories were same, monotonous and meaning less. Because of the endless and prolonged nature of these dramas, story had to be changed aimlessly suiting to the production difficulties ignoring the viewers needs and wants. Above all busy schedules of the working class caused to refuse these programs gradually but surely. When the viewers are receding away from mega tele-dramas TV stations were forced to change their strategies to win the crowd. The requirement of the day was to innovate entertainment programmes that ensure a different experience to the tired mega tele-drama viewers. Again being the pioneer of presenting new experience to the viewers, Sirasa TV found out the solution to this. They presented an energetic, dramatic and curious program to the viewers named as Sirasa Super Star Session I, a singing competition. That was the gateway to Sri Lankan viewers to enter into the world of reality shows. The Sirasa Super Star Session I is the most successful first reality program produced by the Sirasa TV which based on a singing contest among general applicants. Because of its attractiveness and dramatic way of presenting it became vary famous among the viewers. Furthermore, because of that program telecasted during the weekend, it became ideal way of spending weekend for the people those who fed up working through week days and this has become real entertainment during weekends. Viewers found that they no longer required being bond to mega tele-dramas during the whole weekdays. Because of the popularity and financial benefits acquired by the Sirasa TV they started second session of the same program soon after the first. Mean time the other television channels also did some experiments on same reality programs and after achieving success they were ventured out to experiment more different types of reality programs and most of them again became very successful. Some times Derana TV a nd Swarnavahini were at the peak of popularity than Sirasa TV. Some of the Reality programs aired by each channels are attached to this as Annex B POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THESE PROGRAMS BECOME VERY POPULAR AMONG OTHER PROGRAMS. Locations and Stages. Normally these programs are being filmed at very attractive, colourful stages or locations or peculiar places such as ships, boats, gardens and famous hotels instead of using traditional stages. These stages are preparing in a very attractive style by spending huge amount of money due to the competition among each other. Utilization of modern technology for the stages decorations, filming and airing generally are at a higher standard and the quality is increasing day by day. Dress and appearance. During the final stages of competition the organizers are having tendency to change the appearance of the competitors. This is done by changing dresses, hair styles and doing characteristic changes. Some times all the competitors are wearing same type of dresses according to the gender but keeping unique identity of the competitors. Some times they completely change the characters such as while male is dressed as woman and female is dressed as male. Sometimes they dressed as cartoon characters and may as jokers. The dress of the day may decided by the art director which related to the particular entertainment or the event of the day. Empirical evidences shows that they changed the days dress of competitors according to the singing competition or the style of the songs or the era of the original song which sung by the first singer. In some programs like Derana Shadow Stars, the competitors are dressed up as the professional characters without any single change. However both the competitors and the organizers were blamed and criticised by the public regarding the improper dress selections of Sirasa Kumario ,Derana Kumario and loving Stars programs. In this programs the competitors and organizers were blamed that the young girls who were exposing the body in an unwanted way and which were not suitable to the society specially the children viewers. But this method of present was given a boosting popularity among the teenagers specially the men and majority of the others also accepted but not shown their consent openly. Dramatic way of presenting The most attractive feature of this kind of reality programs are the dramatic way of presenting. This dramatic style is a new experience for the Sri Lankan viewers and it is the most successful feature which supporting to these programs becomes very popular among the public. This unscripted dramatic or entertaining situation touches the hearts of viewers and they automatically become emotional and some times they wouldnt believe or like to believe the reality of the situation. The emotions feels to a competitor after loose or win can be feel even the viewers and they also become the part of that programs. During final stages the organizers are planning to take the competitors to their hometowns and giving a good publicity through media and make them to be welcomed by the people of their hometowns, sometimes these events may pre planned. The organizers make the viewers to become a participant of the program and make them to feel that the voting through SMSs is a responsibility of them and to be with their countryman till the end and make him as the winner by their SMS votes. Involvement of famous personal and stars as program announcers and masters of the ceremonies. Famous characters such as Film stars, Dancers, Singers or Politicians are taking part as the program announcers, Judges or as conductors of the program which is a significant feature in reality programs. Some times they take part in the judging panel and some times judges participating in the event may not have any relevance to the particular field or may not have any experience in that particular field. The popularity is rising up remarkably because of the participation of these people. Some examples for that are attached to this as Annex C. These kinds of programs are doing a commendable role to take out the talented Sri Lankan younger generation, those who does not having opportunity or financial support, to come out or highlight their talents. The experience is the most valuable intangible value that can gain by the competitors. Other than that popularity, good repetition in the society, identification in particular fields and opportunities are also intangible values that they can gain. Considering tangible values and financial values are at the peak and other than that other presents such as vehicles and properties and other gifts sometimes exceeds the value beyond the expectations of the participants. The Sirasa Super stars is at the cliff of presenting huge financial values to the competitors. Swarnavahini also has gained recognition as generous giver to the winners among other channels. MONEY EARNING METHODS Reality programs have been identified as most lucrative programs in the Sri Lankan society which high profits can be assured by spending less. There are lots of methods that the organizers earning money through these programs and the methods of organizing these competitions with a lowest cost. SMS Campaign In this reality programs the viewers also doing a vital role as the competitors. They are actively participating to these programs by sending their consent or the vote for a particular competitor while sending SMSs or calling to the dedicated hotlines. Sending a SMS or calling to dedicated hotlines is an effective method to attracting and bonding the viewers to the programme since they are convincing that they also being a part of the programme. Mean time it can be defined as utilization of modern communication technology to attract the people to take part of these programs. For this process all the Sri Lankan telecom providers participated and they introduced their own methods for sending SMSs and calling to dedicated hotlines to facilitate viewers. This is one of the profits gaining mechanism of reality programs. But only few of viewers know the cost they spending for a single SMS may be five times than normal SMS charges (Normal SMS Charges for Ea. Rs 1.00 and Reality show SMS Charges for Ea. Rs 10.00)  [3]  . This amount charging for single SMS is dividing between both the Organizing authority and the telecommunication provider. For facilitating this service to the viewers, the entire telecommunication providers in Sri Lanka had allocated special hotlines and hotline numbers for each program separately and introduced various types of formats and methods to sending SMSs and giving consent to the competitors since this is a good profitable mechanism for them. Further some other organizations also encouraging their customers to participate these programs. As example NDB has promoted their account holders that to win a chance of Rs 25,000.00 by sending SMSs to the Sirasa Super Stars. Advertisements Charging for advertisements which are airing during the reality programs telecasting time is also one of the money earning mechanism for the organizers (Television Canals or media sponsors). Ex: During Sirasa super Stars session 3 final day a thirty second advertisement were cost to rupees 600,000.00 Selling of songs, videos and photographs of stars. This is also one of a profitable business for the organizers. They sell the songs, which became popular during competitions, videos of special events and photographs of popular characters, stars or special events since the organizers are the dictator rights of the ownership of the program. In this case due to their whole authority the profits may be directly benefited to the organizers. Musical shows and displays of stars to the public. Since the agreements and bonds which are signed by the stars, they automatically becoming real mallets of the organizers. This type of outdoor activities are arranging for the purpose gain popularity for the program and for financial benefits. ARRANGING REALITY PROGRAMS WITH A MINIMUM COST TO BEARING UP BY THE ORGANIZERS. Arranging of this kind of reality show is huge money consuming task than a normal program. Because to get the attraction of people and competitors the organizers have to arrange these programs with mega prizes, attractive locations sometimes may overseas film shooting, attractive and different kinds of fashioned costumes and jewelleries, famous personal to lead the programs and for judging panels, cosmetics and dressing and attractive stages and luxury vehicles. To provide these facilities and come out with a successful presentation is a huge task for a single organizer. To overcome those difficulties the organizers are gathering sponsors to fulfil the above requirements. By sponsoring for these reality shows the sponsors also having opportunity to introduce and make attention of their products to the viewers. The business market that the sponsors are targeting can automatically be achieved through the programs because the majority of viewers are being teenagers. Some of the companie s sponsoring for the programs are as follows: Locations : Famous Hotels in Sri Lanka Cosmetics and dressing : Janet cosmetics and Natures secrets Jewelleries : Stone and strings Dresses : Mondy, Wills, Hamedia, Saree Mandir, Nolimit Vehicles : AMW and United Mortars Official Drinks : Pure Beverages and Elephant House Official Bank : NDB DOES THE JUDGE PANELS ARE BEING QUALIFIED ENOUGH TO PERFORM THEIR DUTIES? General question comes out with at the end of the program that the viewers that the judge panel are being qualified enough to judge the competitors. In some programs the judges were selected considering only the popularity they obtained in the society and they done their duties completely out of their relative subjects. Sometimes a well qualified dancer is in the judge panel of singing competition and some times a well qualified singer is judging a dancing competition. Sometimes performance of some judges are become real entertainment to both competitors and viewers but the problem is can they given a fair decision to the competitor without having sufficient knowledge about particular subject to choose the correct person for the next round. This type of trick is done by the organizers to attract viewers but the competitors are suffering from their incapable decisions  [4]  . FUTURE OF THE STARS Because of the recognition given in a limited time period and lack of experience some competitors are unable to identify their weak points they might be overconfident of their talents. After become a star in one night they dont have any idea to maintain their flow and they dont have clear forward vision since their recognition has achieved without any sacrifice or effort. Also these stars becoming popular among the viewers by imitating professionals. As examples in singing competition the competitors are imitating the songs which were sung by professionals and in a comedy program they are imitating the professionals. So at the end of the reality program the stars are recognize by the viewers from imitated presentations and the viewers may actually loves for the original owner of that presentation, may not for the competitor. Another factor is these stars are charging high charges from Rupees 25000.00 to 50000.00 to sing 4 or 5 songs for a musical show and the professionals are charging Rupees 5000.00 to maximum 20000.00 for the same.  [5]   Sponsoring for these high charges of the Stars for social events may bear up the Sri Lankans those who are being abroad or the wealthy social events take place in Sri Lanka. But in outdoor activities in Sri Lanka local sponsors may not willing to bear up this high charges of stars since the Sri Lankan outdoor market is earning less profits and even the indoor activities spectators may not willing to pay high charges for entrance tickets. REALITY PROGRAMS AND ITS EFFECT OF OUR YOUNGER GENERATION Most of the reality programmes are very attractive and presenting in a decent style to the audience. Some of the programmes are actually imparting knowledge to the viewers especially for the younger generation. As example Punchi Pahe MaÅ„ Sri Lankan Life Derana Real Leader etc.. EFFECT ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION Because of the competition among the television channels the organizers are trying to implement different type of reality programmes and sometimes with or without intention they are violating Sri Lankan ethics and norms due to high competition among each other. As examples Sirasa Kumariya and Derana Kumariya programme were blamed by the general public that the organizers are intentionally selecting unethical dresses which unnecessarily exposes the body of the girls and sometimes they are appearing to the programme wearing swimming suit or wetted cloths which indirectly showing body curves to the public in an unethical way. Another example the organizers of Swarnawahini Loving Star programme was blamed because some events are unethical and which are not suitable for the Sri Lankan society and some of the events of that programme were giving wrong ideas to the younger generation. Due to displeasure of the general public especially the elders that programme was stopped after completing only one session. EFFECT ON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION These programmes are airing usually after 1830 Hrs to 2200Hrs  [6]  and that time is commonly known as the ideal study time for the students. But due to addicting to these programmes the younger generation is spending their valuable study time for education some times because of the addiction of the parents to these programmes it may disturb to the children those who are engaging studies during these time period. CHAPTER 4:  DATA The required data was collected through a questionnaire and under mentioned groups were questioned through the questionnaire. Numbers of forty five people sample among the general public were selected randomly under the following heads. a. School Teachers b. Doctors c. Parents d. Officers in No 33 JCC representing Armed Forces e. University Students f. School A/L Students 52. The data which are collected through questionnaire and were re structure according to the under mentioned age groups. a. Age below 20 years (13People/ School Students) b. Age between 21 to 30 years. (8 People/Majority is University Students) c. Age between 31 to 40 years. (11 People/Majority is Armed forces Officers) d. Age above 40 years (13 People/Parents) 53. Among the questions in the questionnaire, under mentioned questions were selected and data analyzed with respected to the questions and age groups are as follows. Question No 9:  Do you think reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc) are badly affecting to the social development of our younger generation? Question No 10:  Do you think reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc) are badly affecting to the educational development of our younger generation? Question No 11:  As your view, the intention of organizing reality programs by the television channels is/are, Question No 12:  Do the winners of this kind of reality programs are having a future carrier and are they capable to maintain their popularity as professional entertainers for a long period? CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Question No 3: Would you interested to watch reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc)?   Analyzing the answers given for the popularity based question, it can be justified that the people below 40 years of age are more interested to watch reality programmes than the people above 40 years among the selected people group. It can prove that the younger generation is more interested than the elder people about reality programs. Analyzing all the result of the answers given to above questions, it is proving that all the age groups are interested to watch reality programmes which are telecasting in Sri Lankan television channels. Question No 9:  Do you think reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc) are badly affecting to the social development of our younger generation? Analyzing the answers given for the affect to the society and social development based question, the people below 30 years are not agreed to the authors argument but people above 30 years, who can be considered as mature people, are agreed with the authors argument. Also overall result analyze for the question regarding affects to social development majority of the selected group of people are agreed to the argument which made by the author. So it can be conclude as the reality programmes are badly affecting to the social development of our younger generation. Question No 10:  Do you think reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc) are badly affecting to the educational development of our younger generation? Analyzing the answers given for the effect to the educational development based on question, the whole sample which consists younger and elder generation is agreed with the argument made by the author. Specially the age group above 31 years have expressed their idea that the some reality programs are being affected to the educational development of the younger generation Also overall result analyze for the question regarding affects to educational development majority of the selected sample of people are agreed to the argument which made by the author. So it can be conclude as some of the reality programmes are badly affecting to the educational development of our younger generation. Question No 11:  As your view, the intention of organizing reality programs by the television channels is/are Analyzing the answers given for the actual intention of the organizers of reality programs based on question, the each age group is having believe that the actual intention of the programmes are popularity and financial benefits of the organizers. But considering whole result of the question the sample is having believe that the actual intentions are popularity and financial benefits of the organizers and explore the young talents in relevant fields. Question No 12:  Do the winners of this kind of reality programs are having a future carrier and are they capable to maintain their popularity as professional entertainers for a long period? Analyzing the answers given

What Are The Concepts Of State And Sovereignty Politics Essay

What Are The Concepts Of State And Sovereignty Politics Essay State refers to the rule tool of economically dominant class. Class nature is the fundamental properties. State includes three elements, namely political power, territory and the unity of people. State power is the embodiment of the country. It is a society institution with power governance and has external and internal sovereignty in a certain territory (Christopher Tomlins, 2008). In international relations theory, as long as the independence of a country recognized by other countries, the country can go into the international field, which is also key factor to prove its own sovereignty. Sovereignty refers the internal supreme power and external independence that one state has. It also refers to the highest authority of one country to handle their own affairs independently inside and outside and manage their own country. Sovereignty is one countrys inherent right that different from other social groups and special properties. Sovereignty mainly includes three aspects just like the followings. One is the maximum internal power. State has the power to manage its entire people and things within or outside the territory (Eric A. Heinze, 2010). And it also has the right to determine its own political system and socio-economic system according to its situation. Second is foreign independence, namely the state completely and independent exercise power and rule out any external interference. Another is the power of self-defense. It refers to the power that the country defenses the threat and aggression of foreign countries to maintain political independence and territorial i ntegrity. Mutual respect for national sovereignty is a basic principle in modern international relationship. Sovereignty is one power above the law, nation, indivisible, sovereign, unified and lasting. Peace of Westphalia recognized the sovereign rights of country in treaty form first time in 1648. It provided the sovereign equality of states regardless of the size of the countries. State sovereignty is considered as one most important features. In some traditional theory of international law, sovereignty becomes a supreme power. Sovereign country is not necessarily bound by international law. People of state may even resort to war to achieve their will. Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States of 1974 provides that each country has the inalienable sovereign rights to choose economic systems, political, social and cultural systems accordance with its will (Jonathan K. Ocko, David Gilmartin, 2009). Each state enjoys the full permanent sovereignty on its all wealth, natural resources and economic activities and so on. The above expresses a common core concept: state sovereignty is abso lute and inviolable. Sovereignty has many unique features. It is the inherent property of state, and is non-transferable, indivisible, inviolable sanctity and exclusive. Sovereignty is the highest authority to handle internal and external affairs independently. State has the highest sovereignty in the domestic and independent external sovereignty in the international. Moreover, sovereignty state is the only actor in international relations. State sovereignty is the fundamental interests that relates to the rise and fall of country. Sovereignty and territorial has close link. With the development of society, modern international law makes a more specific identification and maintenance to national sovereignty. Week 5: The central ideas and claims of liberalism and realism Liberalism is a bourgeois political thought in nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It advocates the complete freedom of personal activities and development and against the political, social and religious constraints. Liberalism is an ideology or philosophy. The basic view of liberalism international relations theory is the state is embedded in society. The interaction between state and society creates the state preferences and also affects the acts in the international community. The core assumptions of liberalism that support this basic view include the following aspects (John Burton, 1996). One is the assumption on the primacy of social actors. Liberal theory suggests that the most basic actors are the various groups and individuals in international political. They are rational and avoiding disadvantages. They are subjected to certain concepts of influence and domination under the constraints of certain material conditions. They may organize collective action to defend and fi ght for their different interests. Second is hypothesis on the state representation and national preference. State or other political organizations represent the number of domestic social groups. The interest of these social groups is defined as national preferences, and they will take purposeful action to achieve these benefits in international politics. The other is the assumption on interdependence and the international system (John Burton, 1996). Liberalism views that the pattern of interdependent state preferences determines the behavior of country. In fact, liberalism has three major variants, namely the concept liberalism, commercial liberalism, and republicanism liberalism. Liberalism stresses the social identity and values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹are the fundamental determinants of national preferences, and are main reasons for the cooperation and conflict between countries. Commercial liberalism considers that individual and collective acts of state are based o n the market incentives of national and transnational economic actors. Republican liberalism focuses on the social recognition and economic benefits of these requirements into national policy, domestic political system. Realism considers that the state preference is power. Their pursuit for security, sovereignty and wealth is same. The central ideas and claims of realism include the followings. Realism assumes the human nature is self-centered and competitive. International system is anarchy. There is not sufficient authoritarian to bind the interaction of states on the country. In the international system, there are still a large number of non-state actors. They play a role in international politics, but in the view of realism, the status of non-state actors is always secondary, state is dominant actors. Realism also believes the essence of international politics is conflict from the view of pessimistic human nature, that is, the struggle for power is under anarchy (Robert Jackson, Georg Sorensen, 1999). Therefore, the international politics is first described as a realist power politics. It is the confrontation between countries, conflict and war stage. The core normative theory of realism is nati onal survival and security. Therefore, in the order of international issues, national security is usually in the highest position. Realists recognize the difficulty of view a country as rational actor. In any case, the result of rational choice is a satisfactory or second best choice at least. Week 6: Different visions of realist and liberal about peace and security Realists believe that the primary means of protecting national security and peace in the international community are balance of power and deterrence. The peace and security concept of realism is built on the basis of the following assumptions. First of all, sovereign states are the main actors of the international community and centered on national interests. Second, the basic structure of the international system is anarchy, that is, there is no legal power of centralized control (John Horton, 2010). International political anarchy determines that there is no law, code of ethics and public authority between the nations. This will inevitably lead to mutual suspicion and the worst intentions among countries. Third, the relations between countries can only be a competitive relationship in the anarchy international system. Countries participates in international struggle for power or existence, mainly rely on their own resources and ability. Self-help is the only way to achieve national security. Realists also believe that the central feature of international relations is the competition for power and the show of strength. Security has always been the primary objective of national policy. Under the situation of anarchy in international community, states improve national security through military expansion, alliances or acquire buffer which leads to security dilemma and causes insecurity in other countries. The means to protect national security are balance of power and deterrence. The balance of power maintains state independence and the stability of international system (R.O. Keohane, 1986). Nuclear deterrence contributes to the over forty years of cold peace between the two superpowers in Cold War to some extent. Although balance of power strategic can not overcome the internal contradictions and the implement of nuclear deterrence needs rational and mechanisms conditions, these two ways are still reasonable means in safeguarding national security and curbing hegemonic. The liberal also recognizes international community is in anarchy, but against the realists fragments the political relations between international and domestic. They are more tend to emphasize the common interests, values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and norms in international relations to ensure international community is harmony. To sum up, the views of liberals on peace and safety are as following. First is the theory of world government. The national strategy, interests, power and policy choices are all the response to lack of national security in the international anarchy. In essence, war plays the functions of governmental in anarchy. World government and international law can be used as a substitute for war. Treaty powers namely a global government or loose management system formed through negotiations and consultations between the major powers. It is one of the ways to establish world government (Wotipka, Christine Min; Tsutsui, Kiyoteru2008). Second is theory of coll ective security. In view of real life does not have prerequisites for establishing a world government, liberal hopes to establish a collective security system to overcome the security dilemma. The other is economic interdependence and peace. Liberal views that economic interdependence may help to reduce and mitigate the conflicts between countries and promote international peace. In short, the liberal considers that economic and trade relations will make more interdependent among countries, thus reducing the war to increase safety.

Anti-Nepotism and the Loss of Privacy :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Anti-Nepotism and the Loss of Privacy Introduction When employees bring their personal problems to work and it affects their performance or the performance of others, clearly you can coach, counsel, warn, and ultimately terminate their employment. In cases where employees did not cause a problem at work but were fired merely because of an anti-nepotism policy, courts in some states found the employees had been discriminated against on the basis of marital status. Such policies penalize employees who are married, as compared to unmarried employees whose relationships are equally intimate. Currently, thirty-eight (38) states prohibit marital status discrimination. Having a more general policy prohibiting employees who co-habit from working in the same area would not violate marital status laws, but could be considered an invasion of common law privacy, which is recognized in most states (Risser 1997). In my paper, I will address the issue of anti-nepotism, and invasion of common law privacy. What business is it of the organization if p eople co-habit? How are employers supposed to know who is living together? The prohibition against invasion of privacy by the government is enforced, yet anti-nepotism policies seem to supercede even those more strictly. Anti-Nepotism What is Nepotism? Nepotism comes about whenever an employee makes decisions affecting a close relative or domestic partner. Included in these decisions are those that pertain to "hiring, appointment, reappointment, classification, reclassification, evaluation, promotion, transfer, discipline, supervision, or pay increases". According to the King County Board of Ethics, nepotism is a conflict of interest based on familial relationship or domestic partnership, and is inconsistent with the basic principles of ethics (Edwards 1998). The practice of nepotism is said to be inconsistent in instances that require impartial decision-making and attempts to ensure that private interest or personal benefit does not override the public’s interest. In addition, nepotism creates situations that appear of improper influence or favor. As such, anti-nepotism policies have been written to protect public organizations from adverse lawsuits. There are many discriminatory clauses of anti-nepotism policies, as they pertain to individual lifestyle and privacy. Although an anti-nepotism policy does not expressly discriminate against an applicant based on the condition of being married or unmarried, it may exclude a person because of the particular identity of his or her spouse. Whether spousal identity – as opposed to marital status per se — is a prohibited basis for discrimination is an unanswered question under many discrimination laws

We Must Stop Global Warming Essay -- Climate Change, 2015

"The most important thing about global warming is this....it's everyone's responsibility to leave this planet in better shape for the future generations than we found it." -- Mike Huckabee Over and over, skeptics, regulation-weary industries, and politically minded scientists have done their best to dispute the fact that the change in global temperature is not a natural occurrence. However, after decades of research and speculations, the advancement of technology has allowed us to prove that, without a doubt, climate change is occurring and that we are the ones responsible for this change. One of the most famous representations depicting anthropogenic contribution to global warming is the Keeling Curve. This curve shows the annual readings of CO2 from Mauna Loa,Hawaii since 1958 (read more at http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/history_legacy/early_keeling_curve). Alright, so we are causing climate change†¦now what? Every person on earth is in some way responsible for global warming, but who will be responsible for making it stop? There is no way for us to tackle this issue in an in...

Relationships in Braided Lives Essay -- Braided Lives

Relationships in Braided Lives In Marge Piercy's Braided Lives, Jill goes through many consecutive, turbulent relationships with men. This pattern begins with her father, continues with her best friend, and then continues through many other relationships in her college years. Each relationship affects Jill and how she views men and herself. She has a very negative outlook on men. In fact, most of the male-female relationships in the novel are not positive experiences for the women involved. Jill's own self-esteem is continuously torn down and ruined by each negative relationship that she enters. Eventually Jill finds true happiness, but only after these significant relationships teach her how to love herself. Jill's father was not caring or kind to Jill regarding any aspect of her life. He wanted a boy and got Jill instead. He treated her like the boy he wanted. She desperately wanted his love and attention, and she spent a lot of time trying to make him happy by acting like the son he wanted. "He wanted a boy. At 12 I made the grand try...For months on end I sat ...

Enders Game Essay

Human beings are free except when humanity needs them. Maybe humanity needs you. To do something. Maybe humanity needs me—to find out what you’re good for. We might both do despicable things, Ender, but if humankind survives, then we were good tools.† Graff is explaining to Ender the philosophy behind everything they are doing. Although Ender does not know it at the time, this is the same reasoning that the adults will use to manipulate the children time and time again. Ender objects to this idea, because he believes that people are more than just tools, but nevertheless it is the pervading ideology of the I.F. throughout the book. This philosophy justifies doing terrible things in the name of humanity, and it also means that individuals will have to make awful sacrifices for their species. â€Å"In the moment when I truly understand my enemy, understand him well enough to defeat him, then in that very moment I also love him. I think it’s impossible to really understand somebody, what they want, what they believe, and not love them the way they love themselves.† Ender is telling Valentine why he hates himself. He is able to understand his enemies better than anyone else, but once he understands them he destroys them. With such tremendous empathy, even in coming to understand his worst enemies Ender loves them. This means that when he crushes them he is hurting himself in the process. Ender does not want to have enemies, so that he will not be forced to hurt anybody. He will love even those who seem to be his most bitter enemies when he properly understands them. But in the situations Ender has been in he has no choice other than destroying those enemies. At the end of the book, when Ender comes to truly understand the buggers, he is able to try to help them. He has already done them great harm, but now he can be happy because he has a chance to undo what he did to them. â€Å"So the whole war is because we can’t talk to each other.† â€Å"If the other fellow can’t tell you his story, you can never be sure he isn’t trying to kill you.† â€Å"What if we just left them alone?† â€Å"Ender, we didn’t go to them first, they came to us. If they were going to leave us alone, they could have done it a hundred years ago, before the First Invasion.† â€Å"Maybe they didn’t know we were intelligent life. Maybe—† This conversation occurs when Graff tells Ender his theory of why they are at war with the buggers. Graff tells Ender that since the buggers communicate through thought, they probably cannot understand that humans are thinking beings. Ender therefore wants to know why this cannot be remedied.

Performance Appraisal Essay

â€Å"Performance appraisal is the process through which employee performance is assessed, feedback is provided to the employee, and corrective action plans are designed† (Youssef, 2012). So basically, a performance appraisal is the process of evaluation workers’ performance in correlation with previously determined standards of the organization. Performance appraisals are one way of giving employees feedback about their performance at work; they record the employee’s performance to date, their potential and what they could work on to further benefit them. These appraisals do not only help them employee but they could benefit the organization as well in that it reflects on if the employee is right for the position (currently or in the future) and if the training the organization gives is sufficient for the employee. There are many advantages to performing appraisals. The records of these performance appraisals are kept for a period of time, they can be referenced and used to evaluate how an employee has improved over time, or if they have yet to improve or began to slack off. This gives an opportunity for a manager to pull an employee aside and praise them for their accomplishments or inform them what it is they need to improve on, managers can also determine whether or not an employee could benefit from further training. Employees can be given feedback while learning if their goals within the company have been fulfilled while setting up new goals for them to accomplish in the next year. Sometimes, expectations and policies can be difficult to understand; during feedback, one can take that opportunity to have clarity on policies and expectations and discuss matters that they want to discuss in private, such as ideas for improvement or issues they’ve had within the company or with fellow employees. Knowing that your performance will be appraised can serve as motivation to gain a reward for their hard work. There is potential for biases that need to be worked through to make sure everyone is given a fair opportunity. While it’s easy to compare one another, it’s imperative and difficult to resist comparing skills of one employee to another; if employees were compared to one another, it creates an unfair assessment of the employees. It’s crucial to set a standard to evaluate performance. Personality conflicts can influence judgment when assessing performance; this would cause an inaccurate assessment which would be unfair to the employee. Just because an employee is good at one thing, does not make them good at everything, and vice versa. One ruined project or miscommunication in direction does not mean the same thing will occur every time, or again even. There needs to be a minimum time-frame in which an employee’s performance should be assessed; it’s not fair for a manager that’s worked with an employee a time or two to fairly appraise them, a first impression can distort one’s image in either a positive or negative manner. It’s also necessary to appraise one on their entire performance, not just the most recent occurrences. Lifestyle choices should be left out of the appraisal process and should not be used for or against an employee. The primary objectives of an appraisal are – to assess past performance, to identify training needs, to set and agree on future objectives and standards, and to facilitate the achievement of these goals† (Youssef, 2012). Management by objectives includes an agreement between managers and their employees on the employee’s performance objectives for periodic review for the employee accomplishes said objectives. The effectiveness of a performance appraisal can be judged by its objectives. Understanding the strategic objectives can help one adjust to meet the needs of an organization. A timeline allows a manager and employee to make a plan for goals to be met, there must be deadlines and time periods assigned to each goal to ensure that they are met. An employee needs to show improvement, one that is not very productive and having issues with the company’s values and policies will not be around for a long period of time. Employees that are productive and possess talent that are imperative for the position will help with the company’s success and ensure they are able to withstand growth. Strategic planning is needed to determine the budget for current employees as well as future employees. Appraisal results reflect one’s character, development, how well one performs to the organization’s standards, as well as other strengths or weaknesses. In some organizations, these results may be used to determine if/which employees deserve recognition as well as awards such as a merit pay raise, a bonus and/or a promotion. These results can also determine which employees do not mesh with the organization and need to be let go, require counseling or further training or a demotion/decrease in pay. Performance appraisals can be a motivation to excel.

Functional Areas of Business

Depending on the size of organization, functional areas may be directed by specific departments with upper management, mid-level and front line managers. In comparison, a small business is often managed by one leader only, who's responsibilities overlap. Management The management role includes more than simply being in charge of employees. Instead, this position coordinates and oversees the work of others, ensures organization goals are accomplished, and ensures the business success.Furthermore, managers monitor the efficiency and effective use of employees because workers are the most important resource f an organization (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Managers also oversee and control functions that are not obvious, but play a crucial role in the company's success. Law is the legal aspect of business that effect business and small firms. Managers use business law to ensure operations are legally sound, noncompliance with all state, federal and international requirements, and regulations to help solve problems.Human resources or short HER address concepts of personal development throughout employee's lifestyle. During the hiring and training process human resources have a high importance. For proper compensation and if disciplinary actions are taken (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). A large role for managers plays the aspect of leadership which covers different ways to influence employees to achieve organization goal, inspire and motivate, handle conflicts, as well as power struggle and organizational change.Accounting maintains and audits financial aspects of a business that is separated into financial and managerial accounting. Financial accounting studies the creation of financial statement, for example, income statements and balance sheets. Managerial accounting looks at statements and helps make decisions, including budgeting for upcoming projects and control cost within the firm (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Finance addresses the process of setting up and maintaining t he fiscal success of the firm including revenue. Finance is useful for managers in many ways, especially when needing fund for new business venture.The study of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services within countries and individual firms are a part of economics. It is used to maximize profits and to Andre market conditions, for example, recessions (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Leaders collect data and use methods as well as static to interpret them to find out important information about their business as part of research and statistics. This fiction will help make decisions on what business practices to continue to use and which ones to modify in the future. Operations management is devoted to increasing the value of the firms supply chain.This function is used to ensure that the process f getting goods and service is smooth and error free (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Marketing interests the end consumer in a product or service and to keep this client happy. Such technique is used to determine which product or service to offer, the type of advertising and creation of a good image of their brand. Strategic planning is applied to ensure origination's goals are met. Marketing helps bring all aspects of the firm together and ensures the company's success (Stephen & Robbins, 2010).The Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy addresses why small business, with between five to went employees, Often fail to grow. Most times, the difficulty directly relates to the little or no knowledge of growth requirement and organizations barriers. A SOOT analysis, which included strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, allows leaders to develop a company goal as well as an action plan on how to reach it. According to Perks, â€Å"Small businesses that grow during their flirts four years of establishment more than double their chance of survival (Perks, p. 21, 2010). Omnipotent view of management states that managers are directly responsible for the organization's success as well as failure. Actions and decisions of leaders are directly related to an organization's success. Well performing leaders adjust and maximize chances, improve bad performances, as well as manage the company. Therefore, managers are compensated for the business' success with stock options, incentives, ores. On the other side, upper management is believed to be responsible when profits are down and then fired or replaced by new managers (Stephen & Robbins, 2010).Symbolic view of management describes the failure and success of companies impacted by external influences that are outside of leader's ability to control. This view is arguing that managers have little control over external factors for example customers, economy, competitors, decisions of previous leaders and others. Managers have only symbolized influence and control by creating action plans, and limited influence of failure and success according to this view. Co nclusion Whether in a small or large company, managers oversee a wide range of functions to ensure the success and high performance of all areas. Functional Areas of Business Depending on the size of organization, functional areas may be directed by specific departments with upper management, mid-level and front line managers. In comparison, a small business is often managed by one leader only, who's responsibilities overlap. Management The management role includes more than simply being in charge of employees. Instead, this position coordinates and oversees the work of others, ensures organization goals are accomplished, and ensures the business success.Furthermore, managers monitor the efficiency and effective use of employees because workers are the most important resource f an organization (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Managers also oversee and control functions that are not obvious, but play a crucial role in the company's success. Law is the legal aspect of business that effect business and small firms. Managers use business law to ensure operations are legally sound, noncompliance with all state, federal and international requirements, and regulations to help solve problems.Human resources or short HER address concepts of personal development throughout employee's lifestyle. During the hiring and training process human resources have a high importance. For proper compensation and if disciplinary actions are taken (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). A large role for managers plays the aspect of leadership which covers different ways to influence employees to achieve organization goal, inspire and motivate, handle conflicts, as well as power struggle and organizational change.Accounting maintains and audits financial aspects of a business that is separated into financial and managerial accounting. Financial accounting studies the creation of financial statement, for example, income statements and balance sheets. Managerial accounting looks at statements and helps make decisions, including budgeting for upcoming projects and control cost within the firm (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Finance addresses the process of setting up and maintaining t he fiscal success of the firm including revenue. Finance is useful for managers in many ways, especially when needing fund for new business venture.The study of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services within countries and individual firms are a part of economics. It is used to maximize profits and to Andre market conditions, for example, recessions (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Leaders collect data and use methods as well as static to interpret them to find out important information about their business as part of research and statistics. This fiction will help make decisions on what business practices to continue to use and which ones to modify in the future. Operations management is devoted to increasing the value of the firms supply chain.This function is used to ensure that the process f getting goods and service is smooth and error free (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Marketing interests the end consumer in a product or service and to keep this client happy. Such technique is used to determine which product or service to offer, the type of advertising and creation of a good image of their brand. Strategic planning is applied to ensure origination's goals are met. Marketing helps bring all aspects of the firm together and ensures the company's success (Stephen & Robbins, 2010).The Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy addresses why small business, with between five to went employees, Often fail to grow. Most times, the difficulty directly relates to the little or no knowledge of growth requirement and organizations barriers. A SOOT analysis, which included strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, allows leaders to develop a company goal as well as an action plan on how to reach it. According to Perks, â€Å"Small businesses that grow during their flirts four years of establishment more than double their chance of survival (Perks, p. 21, 2010). Omnipotent view of management states that managers are directly responsible for the organization's success as well as failure. Actions and decisions of leaders are directly related to an organization's success. Well performing leaders adjust and maximize chances, improve bad performances, as well as manage the company. Therefore, managers are compensated for the business' success with stock options, incentives, ores. On the other side, upper management is believed to be responsible when profits are down and then fired or replaced by new managers (Stephen & Robbins, 2010).Symbolic view of management describes the failure and success of companies impacted by external influences that are outside of leader's ability to control. This view is arguing that managers have little control over external factors for example customers, economy, competitors, decisions of previous leaders and others. Managers have only symbolized influence and control by creating action plans, and limited influence of failure and success according to this view. Co nclusion Whether in a small or large company, managers oversee a wide range of functions to ensure the success and high performance of all areas.

Alternative Fuels

This assessment will focus primarily on the use of alternative fuel vehicles at Lotus Rental Car’s, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of alternative fuels and the impact it will have on the American public. With gas prices increasing daily, renting a vehicle is becoming a fast growing decision for families going on vacation and people who make their living traveling from place to place. Families can no longer afford to rent large RVs and pay outrageous prices for fuel. Salespersons and businessmen cannot either. Big companies are no longer willing to cover the whole cost of fuel, but rather a percentage which digs in the profit for these businessmen. Alternative Fuel Vehicles AFV,(alternative fuel vehicles), by design are intended to improve air quality by lowering ozone-depleting emissions and makes us less dependent on foreign oil products. The various types of AFVs, include hybrid and flexible fuel designs. Powered by electricity, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), propane, hydrogen, alcohol (in the form of methanol and denatured alcohol), and gasohol (which includes up to 85% alcohol), are the most common. Currently, only three types are readily available to the public; which are natural gas; flex fuel, and battery electric. Natural gas powers about 112,000 vehicles already in the United States and is a good choice for centrally fueled fleets that operate within a limited area. The domestic availability and widespread distribution infrastructure is a great advantage. Most NG vehicles use diesel for ignition and then natural gas for the rest. Hybrid vehicles use electricity which is drawn from an off board power source and then stored in batteries. There is also plug in vehicles that can be plugged directly into an electrical outlet when not in use. Flex fuel uses ethanol which is made from biomass material. It also requires no special fueling equipment and can be used in gasoline burning engines. Reasons to Incorporate AFVs Each vehicle emits more than 600 lbs. of pollutants per year, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide; which contributes to smog. This leads to many health issues. The inability for blood to carry oxygen to vital organs, bronchitis, asthma and other respiratory tract problems has been reported. These pollutants also affect our eye sight. Bacteria and other chemicals get into our eye tissue; causing damage to our retina and the eye pressure, which can lead to cataracts even blindness. The use of alternate fuels will not see an end to pollutants but will certainly have an impact on the amount of pollutants which is emitted from our vehicles.